What is the general term for the displacement of one vertebra over the vertebra below it?

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Displacement of one vertebra over the vertebra below it is called spondylolisthesis. This term specifically describes slippage of a vertebral body relative to the one beneath it, most often in the forward direction (anterior slip) at the lumbosacral region, such as L5 over S1. It can arise from a defect or fracture of the pars interarticularis (often termed spondylolysis) that weakens the posterior elements and allows the vertebra to slip, or from degenerative changes that loosen the joints and discs.

Scoliosis refers to an abnormal sideways, or lateral, curvature of the spine, not a vertebral slip. Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine, producing a rounded upper back. Spondylolysis is a pars interarticularis fracture or defect and does not in itself describe vertebral displacement, though it can lead to spondylolisthesis.