For detecting degenerative changes and spondylolisthesis, which imaging is useful?

• A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• B. Computed Tomography Scan
• C. Ultrasound
• D. X-rays

Answer: (D)

Plain X-ray imaging is best for this purpose because it directly shows bone alignment and degenerative bony changes in the spine. Spondylolisthesis is a problem of vertebral slippage, which is most clearly seen on lateral views that depict the position of one vertebra relative to another. Dynamic (flexion/extension) X-rays can reveal instability, while oblique or AP views help assess facet joints and overall alignment. Degenerative changes like disc space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and facet arthropathy are readily visible as bone and joint changes on X-rays.

While MRI excels at soft tissues and discs, and CT provides detailed bone anatomy, X-rays are quick, accessible, and specifically suited to evaluating vertebral alignment and degenerative bone changes. Ultrasound isn’t useful for imaging the spine in this context.